Managing Severe Bleeding: Using Tourniquets and Alternatives

When dealing with amputation-type wounds, stopping the bleeding can be extremely challenging. Direct pressure alone is unlikely to be sufficient, and even haemostatic dressings might be difficult to apply effectively. However, if you have access to haemostatic dressings, attempting to use them is still worthwhile.

Using a Tourniquet

If a haemostatic dressing is unavailable or ineffective, a tourniquet can be a crucial tool. The purpose of a tourniquet is to apply pressure above the bleeding site, thereby stopping blood flow through the vessels supplying the affected limb.

How to Apply a Tourniquet

• Placement: Apply the tourniquet high up on the limb, even if the wound is lower down. Ensure the tourniquet is not placed over a joint.
• Tightness: Wrap the tourniquet around the limb and tighten it as much as possible. Many tourniquets come with a timer to indicate how long it has been applied. This is crucial as prolonged use can lead to permanent damage or loss of the limb.
• Monitoring: Do not remove the tourniquet until the animal is in a veterinary hospital where they can be anaesthetised and properly treated.

Alternative Methods if a Tourniquet is Unavailable

In situations where a tourniquet is not available, triangular bandages can be used to apply pressure to the wound. While not as effective as a tourniquet, they can help control bleeding when used correctly.

Applying a Triangular Bandage

• Tightening: Tie the bandage around the wound as tightly as possible. If bleeding continues, tighten the bandage further by twisting it with a pen or knife to increase pressure.
• Securing: Use the ends of the bandage to secure it in place to prevent it from unwinding. If necessary, adjust the bandage to maintain pressure until you can get the animal to a vet.

Important Considerations

Tourniquets should be used only as a last resort when other methods fail to stop the bleeding, due to the high risk of limb loss. Always consult with a vet before applying a tourniquet, as it is a critical, life-saving procedure.

Understanding these techniques and knowing when to use them can be vital in emergency situations. Always prioritise getting professional veterinary help as soon as possible.